Russia is losing about 6,000 more troops in Ukraine each month than it can recruit, western officials have said.
While Russia is still acquiring new battlefield recruits at speed, with an estimated rate of 1,000 a day, in the last two months even this has not been sufficient to replace those killed or injured.
That’s a good average for historical wars. We don’t have much data on defenders with flying grenade robots against a foe that relies on meat waves. Hopefully we never do again.