When the United States industrialized its food system in the early 20th century, it created one of the most productive agricultural machines in history, built to deliver abundant and affordable food. Over time, consolidation, globalization, and efficiency gains reshaped the system, concentrating power among a few large producers and distributors while reducing costs at scale. Today, despite this unmatched productivity, Americans are facing a growing food affordability crisis. In recent years, rising input costs, supply chain disruptions, corporate consolidation, and shifting policies have exposed hidden fragilities, pushing prices higher even as production remains strong. The system didn’t fail—it evolved in ways that made abundance more vulnerable.