“Quaise uses a gyrotron, originally developed for fusion research at MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center, to produce millimeter-wave energy that ablates rock by vaporizing it with no mechanical contact. Last year, they drilled through 100+ meters of granite in Central Texas in the first field demonstration of the technology. This year, they’re targeting a kilometer, then eventually, 10-12 miles. At full depth, a single superhot well would produce 5-10x more power than a conventional geothermal well.”

So far, geothermal energy’s potential has been limited by location. A small number of places on the planet, like Iceland, are naturally very well suited to it. Quaise aren’t the only people trying to reexamine geothermal by focusing on its fundamental constraints.

In Texas, Fervo is exploring the use of existing oil drilling technology so that geothermal plants can be placed anywhere, not just “ideal” geological locations. Now Quaise is doing the same, but with a different approach. Fervo is drilling 2-5km deep. Quaise wants to tap 300–500°C rocks 15-20km down.

Geothermal energy could be the key to 100% renewable grids. Even when solar & wind are overbuilt, the grid would still be vulnerable in winter, where weeks go by with low wind. In those circumstances, geothermal energy could be the ideal base load. So far, the constraints Quaise & Fervo are trying to fix have limited this.

Quaise looks to advance ​‘superhot’ geothermal power plant in Oregon